Biography of Andrew Young, Civil Rights Activist

Andrew Young was born March 12, 1932  in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is a pastor, civil rights activist, and former politician. As a Democrat, he was mayor of Atlanta, a U.S. congressman representing Georgia’s 5th District, and the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. He also served as executive director of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and as pastor of various churches. Andrew Young Full Name: Andrew Jackson Young, Jr.Occupation: Civil rights activist, politician, pastorBorn: March 12, 1932 in New Orleans, LouisianaParents: Daisy Young and Andrew Jackson Young Sr.Education: Dillard University, Howard University, Hartford SeminaryKey Accomplishments: Atlanta mayor, US Ambassador to the United Nations, US House of RepresentativesSpouses: Jean Childs (m. 1954-1994), Carolyn McClain (m. 1996)Children: Andrea, Lisa, Paula, and Andrew Young IIIFamous Quote: â€Å"It is a blessing to die for a cause because you can so easily die for nothing.† Early Years Andrew Young grew up in a middle-class Italian neighborhood in New Orleans. His mother, Daisy Young, was a teacher, and his father, Andrew Young Sr., was a dentist. His family’s privilege, especially relative to African Americans, could not shield Young and his brother, Walt, from the racial tensions of the segregated South. His father so feared for his children’s safety in this environment that he gave them professional boxing lessons to help them protect themselves, if necessary. Andrew Young, American senator and civil-rights leader who began his career as a pastor, also worked with Martin Luther KIng, Jr. Young was the ambassador to the United Nations and the mayor of Atlanta.   CORBIS / Getty Images In 1947, Young graduated from Gilbert Academy and enrolled in Dillard University. He ultimately transferred out of Dillard, receiving his bachelor’s degree from Howard University in 1951. He went on to get a divinity degree from Hartford Theological Seminary in 1955. A Pastor, Pacifist, and Activist Young’s early career as a pastor led to some significant changes in his life. At an Alabama church, he met his first wife, Jean Childs, with whom he would go on to have four children. He also served on the pastoral staffs of Georgia churches. Early in his career, Young took an interest in the philosophy of nonviolence and civil rights. His efforts to register African Americans in the Deep South to vote led him to meet the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and join the Civil Rights Movement. He faced death threats because of his activism but continued to advocate for voting rights. He moved to New York City in 1957 to work with the National Council of Churches, but returned to the South to continue his civil rights activism in Georgia in 1961. He participated in the citizenship schools that taught rural blacks how to read and mobilize politically. African Americans who tried to exercise their voting rights in the Jim Crow South were often presented with literacy tests at the polls, though such tests were not routinely given to white voters. In fact, the examinations were used to intimidate and disenfranchise would-be black voters. Civil rights activist Andrew Young addressing the crowd at the funeral of assassinated American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr (1929 - 1968), Atlanta, Georgia, 9th April 1968.   Archive Photos / Getty Images Young’s involvement with the citizenship schools and his relationship with King resulted in him taking a prominent role in the Civil Rights Movement. Having successfully organized anti-segregation marches, Young proved himself a trustworthy activist, and he rose to the highest ranks of the SCLC. He became the organization’s executive director in 1964. During this tenure, he would serve jail time for engaging in civil rights protests in Selma, Alabama, and St. Augustine, Florida. But serving as the SCLCs executive director also led him to help draft important civil rights legislation, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Together, these laws helped to strike down Jim Crow in the South. While Young had enjoyed a great deal of success as a civil rights activist, the movement came to a halt with the 1968 assassination of Martin Luther King at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. As the turbulent sixties came to an end, Young transitioned out of the SCLC and into the political world. A Rocky Political Career In 1972, Young made history when he became the first black person to serve as a U.S. congressman from Georgia since Reconstruction. This victory came after he lost his bid to be congressman two years earlier. After winning his congressional campaign, Young continued to champion the causes he had as a civil rights activist, including anti-poverty and educational programs. He served in the Congressional Black Caucus and advocated for pacifism; he objected to the Vietnam War and established the U.S. Institute for Peace. Mayor Andy Young (1932- ) announces his bid to run for governor of Georgia with his wife Jean who stands at right. Bettmann  / Getty Images Young left Congress when newly elected President Jimmy Carter appointed him the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations in 1977. In the role, Young advocated against racial apartheid in South Africa, but in 1979, he inadvertently sparked a controversy that led to his resignation from the post. He had a secret meeting with Zehdi Labib Terzi, the Palestinian Liberation Organizations U.N. observer. This was controversial because the U.S. is an ally of Israel and the Carter administration had promised that none of its officials would meet with the PLO until that organization formally recognized Israel’s existence. President Carter denied any responsibility for Young’s meeting with the PLO and had the unrepentant ambassador resign. Young said he felt that the secret meeting was in the nation’s best interest at the time. The PLO controversy did not interfere with Young’s political career post-White House. In 1981, he successfully campaigned to be Atlanta’s mayor, a post he held for two terms. Afterward, he entered the 1990 race to become the governor of Georgia but lost the campaign. While the loss stung, Young also played a pivotal role in bringing the 1996 Summer Olympic Games to Atlanta. He said he wanted to show the public that Atlanta â€Å"is a world-class city† as well as â€Å"a brave and beautiful city.† Young’s Influence Today In the twenty-first century, Andrew Young has remained relevant. He has served in leadership positions for various organizations, including the National Council of Churches from 2000 to 2001. He also established the Andrew Young Foundation in 2003 to advocate for human rights throughout the African diaspora.   Author Kabir Sehgal, Author and Ambassador Andrew Young, and President Bill Clinton attend the Walk In My Shoes: Conversations Between A Civil Rights Legend and His Godson on The Journey Ahead Book Event at The Paley Center for Media on February 9, 2011 in New York City.   Brian Ach / Getty Images Today, Andrew Young belongs to the select group of activists who directly witnessed the Civil Rights Movement unfold. He has documented his activism in several books, including 1994’s â€Å"A Way Out of No Way† and 2010’s â€Å"Walk in My Shoes: Conversations Between a Civil Rights Legend and His Godson on the Journey Ahead.† Young has won a number of awards, most notably the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He’s also the recipient of the NAACP’s Springarn Medal and the Democratic Party of Georgia’s John Lewis Lifetime Achievement Award. Educational institutions such as Morehouse College and Georgia State University have named the Andrew Young Center for Global Leadership and the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, respectively, after him. Young’s influential role in the Civil Rights Movement was also captured in the 2014 film â€Å"Selma,† which introduced a new generation of young people to his work. Sources â€Å"Andrew Young Fast Facts.†CNN, Feb. 27, 2019.George, Lisa. â€Å"Andrew Young On 1996 Olympics: ‘We Were Working Together.’† WABE.org, July 21, 2016. â€Å"Young, Andrew Jackson Jr.† History.House.gov.

The Beginning Of Renaissance Art - 1259 Words

The beginning of Renaissance art can be tracked all the way back to Italy in the late 13th and early 14th and 15th centuries. During this Renaissance period, Italian scholars and artists saw themselves as bringing back the ideals and achievements of Roman culture. Their art tried to capture the experience of the individual and the beauty and mystery of the natural world. The Italian Renaissance was considered a rebirth of old values in art such as literature and philosophy. It was a period for the artist to develop that aimed for the revival of naturalism. Its influence moved through Europe and brought back the cultural and scientific ideas that shaped artistic pieces for the next half a century. Stefano Da Verona was an Italian artist who†¦show more content†¦Instead of having flat, stiff images, faces had not looked more realistic as bodies were painted in more realistic form as their poses looked more human-like, and figures now expressed real emotion. While this was happ ening, Artists still tried to create work that were realistic but with fluidity and not as much detail.. Although Giotto in this time period had strived towards adding a perspective, it wasn t until the arrival of the architects Brunelleschi and Leon Battista Alberti that it became big style to incorperate for many painters. Dossi’s work of The Holy Family came in a time late during the Renaissance. A time called the â€Å"High Renaissance†. Despite the growing realism being achieved in their art, High Renaissance artists such as Dossi aimed for beauty, and harmony more than realism, which was the focus in the past. Their paintings may have been based on nature but they had no interest in replication. Instead they looked for the ultimate beauty within the picture. This provoked artists towards the idea of perfection. Greek philosophy actually influenced this style in the high Renaissance. It â€Å"provided the secret of the perfect human type with its proportions, mus cular structure, oval face, triangular forehead, straight nose, and balance with the weight on one hip, which can be seen in the immensely expressive sculpture of Michelangelo† (Botticelli). The difference in the paintings between the two time periodsShow MoreRelatedThe Renaissance And Its Impact On The European Renaissance1694 Words   |  7 Pageseconomy of Europe slowly beginning to rise again, a giant scale cultural revolution like never before was slowly beginning to sweep over Europe. Becoming what we now know as the European Renaissance, every aspect of European life changed because of this revolution. The Renaissance began a renewed interest in the people to seek knowledge and question what the world around them meant. 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Health Care Reform Within Five Professional Competencies

The Institute of Medicine has adapted five professional competencies; these competencies have been developed in order to keep up with the demands that are faced as health care reform transforms the way care is provided. In order to keep up with these demands we must become advance practioners, there by acquiring an advanced level of care. The five professional competencies focus on providing patient center care, this intales the interdiciplinary approach in order to coordinate care with the organization or committes. In doing so, they review problem areas in patient care and formulate an intervention to rectify them. In attempting to rectify problem areas, the use of providing the best treatment is utilized, there by researching these†¦show more content†¦In order to fullfill my healthcare competency in evidence-based practice, the leadership goal that I have formatted is to obtain my certification in wound management. I will begin to work towards attaining my wound certifi cation by discussing my future goal with the Director of Nursing, in hopes to find financial resources and the support needed to complete all requirements. I would like to obtain my certification in wound management by January 30th 2016. One of the resources that will be an excellent guide is the assistance of house doctors. In my current position, I have been able to schedule joint visits with providers in the patient’s home, for assessment and coordination of wound management on the patients we currently serve. Also, our current computerized system for completion of visit note entries has a very detailed wound management field. In persuing wound certification I will be able to acquire more knowledge in wound management, applying the education to wounds on patients who are at risk of developing wounds, have existing complication for non healing wounds and on achieving agency wide goal for improving non- deteriorating wounds. With medicare and medicaid keeping track of wou nds and posting outcomes for the public to review, this will be an asset for my current place of employement.

The 7 Principles of Supply Chain Management-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Explain the Purpose of the Author or the Article The 7 Principles of Supply Chain Management. Answer: Article Critique The report aims at providing a critique to the article based on Supply Chain Management. The report therefore describes about the purpose of the article. There is an identification of the objective addressed by the author along description and supported arguments. The report also put forward an evaluation of inferences by the author that included line of reasoning and main assumptions underlying the thought of the author. The report also tries to explain the implications of the authors position logically with a mention of the usefulness of the topic in practice and theory. The Key Ideas of the Article The case study article aims to explain The 7 Principles of Supply Chain Management. The aim of the article provided in the case study explains the initiatives undertaken for improving the supply chain (Pagell and Shevchenko 2014). Brief Review of the Article According to the article, most of the managers find themselves in a tug of war between the increasing demands of the customers and the companys need for gaining profitability and growth. However, the managers have found it easier to maintain a profitable growth by treating the supply chain management as the strategic variable. The article also aims to put forward that managers recognize two things with the supply chain. Firstly, they consider the entire supply chain that involves every single link in managing the flow of product and service information from the suppliers to the customers. There are also certain tangible outcomes that are possible to achieve with the considerations of the supply chain. These include cost, asset utilization and revenue growth (Stadtler 2015). Aspects of the Article The article also puts forward analysis of the initiatives for improving the supply chain management carried across more than 100 distributors, retailers and manufacturers. In this regard, there was huge progress for some while others failed terribly. The initiatives that led to success however included broad efforts and a combination of both tactical and strategic change (Golicic and Davis 2012). These initiatives also, follow a holistic approach in critically identifying the supply chain so that it helps in the improvement process in terms of cost, revenue and asset utilization. The article also identifies that issue of determining and executing a transformation plan for supply chain that will be able to move complex operating multiples opportunities in a particular direction. Thus, according to the article in order to enable the managers proceed with the idea of transformation plan of the supply chain, the initiatives undertaken by successful manufactures represented in the form of seven principles of supply management (Ahi and Searcy 2013.). These seven principles are the fundamental principles for supply chain management. Thus, the article provides substantial information and is interesting written by comparing the traditional techniques with the modern ones and their acceptance and implementation for a supply chain to function effectively. Methodological Critique The authors of this article are reputed logistics practitioner belonging to the company Anderson Consulting. They have pointed out the fundamental principles of the supply chain management used by most successful manufacturers (Wisner, Tan and Leong 2014). This will help in dealing with the issue of determining, developing and executing a transformation plan for the supply chain that will enable operation of complex and multiple entities. Therefore, the authors quite logically and conceptually described the seven fundamental principles that supported his argument (Christopher 2016). According to the article, the first principle focuses on the segmentation of customers based on service requirements of specific groups and accordingly adapts the supply chain for serving the segments in a profitable manner (Hassini, Surti and Searcy 2012). The article also puts forward that the customer segmentation based on particular needs also equips a company in developing a service portfolio as per the needs of the various segments. The second principle focuses on customizing logistics network as per profitability and service requirements of the segments of the customer. Thus, according to this principle of supply chain management logistics network need to be more complex with alliance from third party logistics providers. This logistics is certainly more flexible than the traditional ones. The third principle however focuses on listening to the signals of the market and accordingly align the demand plan within the supply chain thereby ensuring consistent forecasting and alloca tion of resources that is optimal. According to this principle, when the sales and operation planning transcend the boundaries of the company for involving every like of the supply chain for the development of forecast and maintain required capacity across operations then it results in a supply chain management that is commendable. As per the article, the fourth principle focuses on the differentiating products in a manner that are closer to the customers that ensure speed conversion across the supply chain (Barney 2012). Initially, manufacturers based their goals on production by depending on the demand projections for goods and thus maintaining a stock of inventory to cope up with the existing forecasting errors. According to the authors of the article, these manufactures had a fixed lead-time in the system with a finite time for conversion of materials into products for meeting the requirements of the customers. According to the fourth principle of SCM, the authors mentioned that a newer strategy of mass customization also had a similar potential compared to the traditional means as they allowed the manufacturers to discover the value of postponement. According to this article, the manufacturers are gradually realizing that time is valuable and hence lead-time remains fixed in the supply management (Tieman, van der Vorst and Che Ghazali 2012). Thus, the manufacturers are trying to strengthen their ability of reacting to the signals of market through compression of the lead-time of the supply chain and speeding up the process of raw material conversion to the final products designed as per the requirements of the customers. The approach helps in enhancing flexibility for making configuration decisions to remain closer to the moment of demand occurrence. The timely product differentiation helps in locating the advantage point of the manufacturing process where configuration of the product designed for meeting the single requirements and in assessing options like modularized design, postponement and manufacturing process modification that helps in increasing flexibility. The fifth principle according to the article focuses on the str ategic management of supply sources and in reduction of the entire cost in owning the services and materials. According to this principle, excellence in supply chain management requires a mindset where the suppliers needs to be forced for providing ninety days of consigned material instead of three days. This will help in pushing the cost of the inventory into the price of the supplier. According to this principle, although manufacturers should be placing their demands upon the suppliers and they must also realize that the partners should share goals for ensuring cost reduction across the supply chain for lowering prices in the market and thereby enhancing it margin. The sixth principle put forward in the article focuses on the development of strategy based on wide technology of supply chain that helps supporting numerous levels of making decision thereby ensuring clear flow of not only products but also the service and information. According to the article, following this principle the managers will develop an idea for running the business. The authors of the article, however emphasized that adoption of this principle will have different impacts for short term, midterm and long term (Seuring 2013). The short-term adoption will help in handling transactions on an everyday basis, handling e-commerce across the supply chain and helps in aligning demand and supply through information sharing on daily scheduling and orders. In the midterm, the principle helped in making decision and planning, supporting shipment and demand planning and mastering production scheduling of for effective allocation of resources. In the long term, the system will enable the managers for evaluating plans, help distribution centre, suppliers and enable service alternatives by the third party (Ashby, Leat and Hudson-Smith 2012). Lastly, the seventh principle focuses on the adoption of channel spanning measures of performance for gauging the collective success and thereby reaching end user efficiently and effectively. According to this article, companies are adopting measurement of channel spanning performance through development of common report cards. This enables the partners of the common in working towards the common goal. Views of Other Writer According to Seuring and Gold (2012), managing risks have become quite challenging due to the uncertainties that prevail not in the demand and supply but also global outsourcing and existence of shorter product cycles. As per the author, todays business environment in global perspective influenced by not only financial stability, timely outsourcing, existence of new technologies, company mergers and e-commerce business have forced the organizations in adopting newer means for doing the business. Moreover, the authors have observed that under the prevalence of such situations the existing supply chain also become more vulnerable due to external and operational disruptions. Vulnerability defines the exposure to disturbance that arises within supply chain along with external risk associated with the supply chain. According to the author, there exists certain risk to the Supply chains due to any event that causes its disruption thereby affecting the overall management of the organization (Colicchia and Strozzi 2012). Thus, there is a need for efficiency in supply chain management that will enable effective functioning of the organizations. Therefore, academic literature prevalent in the supply chain domain have however, differentiated among the varied forms through focusing on information availability and their intensity. Therefore, a need to initiate measures for implementation of effective transformation plan of supply chain put forward by the authors. This initiated an explanation through the seven principles of supply chain management followed by the most successful managers. Future Research According to the principles put forward in the paper, the organizations are able to undertake customer segmentation and at the same time listen to market signals that allow optimal allocation and consistent forecasting of the resources (Winter and Knemeyer 2013). The adoption of the principles also enabled the manufacturers in discovering the value that determined by postponement. The principles also enable reducing cost of the supply chain that helps in enhancing its margins. The managers will also be able to develop an idea for running the business and adopt means for performance that is channel spanning. Student Opinion Things Learnt from the Article Thus, paper is worth considering as it allows one to understand the needs for adopting the supply chain by following the seven principles put forward by the authors. They not only prevent any kind of disruption to the supply chain but also makes sure that the plan for transformation is undertaken effectively keeping in terms with the modern changes in the organization. Already Know Fact along with the Surprising Fact I knew only about the supply chain management but what has surprised me is that the authors have put forward its seven principles. Further, the authors have left further scopes for research in this field (Heckmann, Comes and Nickel 2015). The holistic approach followed by the authors provided critical insights into the supply chain management. The transparent and scientific process adopted has helped the author enables the reader to understand the difference adopted from the traditional views. The Missing Information in the Article and Further Additions The article however mentions all probable things that are necessary for explaining the seven principles of supply chain management. There is enough information provided so there is no need for coverage of other things. Learning Outcome The concept of the article not only accepted theoretically but organizations have also started implementing it in practice with three percepts in mind. The first involves orchestration of improved efforts by the managers and the organization. This not only requires assessing the entire supply chain rigorously but at the same time ensuring setting of explicit target outcomes for asset utilization, revenue growth and cost reduction (Seuring 2013). The second involves implementation of the gradual process. Since the change will involve huge financial impact, therefore it is necessary for the management in balancing the long-term promise against any immediate business needs. The third percept deals with acceptance of change. For most companies there exist difficulties in implementation and acceptance of that change. However, the best way to ensure success and minimize the resistance is not only extensive involvement visible in participation but also effective communication amongst senior executives. This enables in successfully achieving the cause thereby resulting in removal of any managerial obstacles. Conclusion The critique to the article written by following a research methodology that is systematic. Through the methodological process, one can develop a strong evidence base about supply chain management. The authors tried to discuss about the principles of the supply chain management that for enabling the managers in adopting a transformation plan for better organizational effectiveness. References Ahi, P. and Searcy, C., 2013. A comparative literature analysis of definitions for green and sustainable supply chain management.Journal of Cleaner Production,52, pp.329-341. Ashby, A., Leat, M. and Hudson-Smith, M., 2012. Making connections: a review of supply chain management and sustainability literature.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(5), pp.497-516. Barney, J.B., 2012. Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resource?based theory.Journal of supply chain management,48(2), pp.3-6. Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Colicchia, C. and Strozzi, F., 2012. Supply chain risk management: a new methodology for a systematic literature review.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(4), pp.403-418. Golicic, S.L. and Davis, D.F., 2012. Implementing mixed methods research in supply chain management.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,42(8/9), pp.726-741. Hassini, E., Surti, C. and Searcy, C., 2012. A literature review and a case study of sustainable supply chains with a focus on metrics.International Journal of Production Economics,140(1), pp.69-82. Heckmann, I., Comes, T. and Nickel, S., 2015. A critical review on supply chain riskDefinition, measure and modeling.Omega,52, pp.119-132. Pagell, M. and Shevchenko, A., 2014. Why research in sustainable supply chain management should have no future.Journal of supply chain management,50(1), pp.44-55. Seuring, S. and Gold, S., 2012. Conducting content-analysis based literature reviews in supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(5), pp.544-555. Seuring, S., 2013. A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management.Decision support systems,54(4), pp.1513-1520. Seuring, S., 2013. A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management.Decision support systems,54(4), pp.1513-1520. Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Tieman, M., van der Vorst, J.G. and Che Ghazali, M., 2012. Principles in supply chain management.Journal of Marketing,3(3), pp.217-243. Winter, M. and Knemeyer, A.M., 2013. Exploring the integration of sustainability and supply chain management: Current state and opportunities for future inquiry.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,43(1), pp.18-38. Wisner, J.D., Tan, K.C. and Leong, G.K., 2014.Principles of supply chain management: A balanced approach. Cengage Learning