Gender and Leadership Essay Example for Free

Sexual orientation and Leadership Essay The apparently ceaseless fight between the relatives of Mars and Venus has saturated the corporate setting. The working environment has changed into a wild field that legitimately witnesses the opposition among people. Who performs better? Who is a superior chief? These inquiries are regularly experienced inside professional workplaces. Be that as it may, based from a basic assessment, one can't resist the opportunity to ponder whether sexual orientation promptly characterize and decide the individual’s fitness and proficiency. This is most particularly evident with respect to the instance of consigning authority and administrative jobs. In spite of solid endeavors to take out, if not thoroughly, kill sexual orientation predisposition, ladies keeps on experiencing segregation and inconsistent circulation of intensity. On a more profound setting, this quandary is activated not by the clear absence of ability and aptitudes of ladies. Moreso, the inconsistent treatment is credited to one’s sex or sexual direction. Conversation Former President Bill Clinton’s explanation which puts substantial accentuation on having a â€Å"new sex of leadership† can be deciphered in a few different ways. To start with, the said explanation may relate to the demonstration of recreating the sexual orientation based positions of authority in the professional workplace. As recently referenced, the work place is exceptionally male centric direction. Having said this, such situation in this manner requests sexual orientation affectability, yet a greater amount of perceiving and recognizing the commitments of ladies representatives. In many cases, ladies, in spite of their difficult work, are as often as possible ignored and underestimated. In this manner, having another sexual orientation at that point, compares to giving new viewpoints and approaches on the best way to address sex related issues, for example, authority, for instance. Besides, the announcement may likewise allude to the genuine substitution of male pioneers. Clinton’s contention could be likewise comprehended as a revitalizing cry to in the end topple man centric authority in the corporate setting. Be that as it may, of course, paying little mind to the different translations given to such proclamation, one thing is clearâ€gender fairness and opportunity ought to be promptly exemplified in the work environment (Davidson Burke, 2000). People ought to be given equivalent opportunity to seek after profession development and simultaneously, grandstand their aptitudes and capacities. In any case, the harsh truth is that ladies representatives proceed to battle and doable arrangements have not been made. There are various components that appear to avoid ladies from the center elements of the working environment. As a matter of first importance, ladies are continually oppressed into positions in which they can't completely take an interest in dynamic exercises. Sound and solid dynamic abilities are severe rights of a capable pioneer. Be that as it may, it appears to be unimaginable for ladies to grow such aptitudes since they are prevented from claiming the opportunity and chance to place their abilities into the test. Notwithstanding that, the male centric ethos that wins in corporate fields leaves no decision for ladies however to consistently apply more exertion so as to demonstrate their worth and worth. Moderately, the regulating initiative characteristics ascribed to ladies are additionally one reason behind the absence of chance to gain influential positions. As a rule, ladies as pioneers, are regularly addressed and to a certain extentâ€criticized with regards to defining solid choices (Hartmann-Tews Pfister, 2003). Ladies are seen to continually adjust their perspectives, which is a demonstrated shortcoming, most particularly in profoundly basic circumstances. Notwithstanding that, ladies as clearly enthusiastic creatures are additionally being tested since influential positions intensely request a legitimate figure. Likewise the possibility that male heads, are bound to face challenges, therefore, showing a solid feeling of fitness, further subjects ladies into critical positions. However, in any case, a cautious investigation shows that the previously mentioned administration attributes of ladies are exceptionally generalized. The reality of the situation is, sexual orientation can barely influence the individual’s the board and initiative characteristics. These two center capacities are not innateâ€rather it is created and improved through steady presentation to circumstances that require a practical methodology. However, as clarified, introduction and vocation openings are regularly denied from ladies. Decision The require another sex in authority, more than everything else, fills in as a test to the entire corporate set-up. Ordinary, another variety or age of proficient pioneers and directors will come into life. Notwithstanding, note that these exemplary pioneers are not controlled by their sex. Whether or not an individual is a man or a lady, the capacity to manage and oversee are not select to a particular sex. Being a pioneer is a right, not a commanded benefit. Hence, in such a case in which segregation and imbalance may at present endure, in fact, previous President Clinton is right; another sexual orientation of initiative must be promptly framed and built up. In any case, this sexual orientation ought to be portrayed by nonpartisanship and not by socially-built terms, for example, being â€Å"male or female. † References Davidson, M. furthermore, Burke, R. (2000). Ladies in Management. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Hartmann-Tews, I. furthermore, Pfister, G. (2003). Game and Women. London: Routledge

IT Strategy and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IT Strategy and Management - Essay Example This means the procedure of assessment so as to have the correct staff taking care of it (Jenner and Kilford, 2011). Accordingly, the arranging incorporates readiness, startup, achievability, definition and arranging, usage and shutting down the program. With this set up, the program chief thinks on the correct individuals to chip away at the program. Program supervisor is ordered to build up a meaning of the program. He is answerable for the convenient conveyance of the program. This means legitimate coordination of the undertaking at all stages. He needs to guarantee that each person in the execution of the venture conveys on his part. This includes planning with managers so as to have refreshes on the advancement of the program. The program supervisor needs to guarantee that the program is of the necessary quality. All assets required for finishing of the program are on his hands. The support is viewed as the most senior individual from a program. Along these lines, the support is commanded in approving a program with respect to its proposed reason. Support has likewise the order of delegating senior capable proprietor who is answerable for speaking to the enthusiasm of the support. In circumstances where the proprietor isn't anywhere near, the senior mindful proprietor needs to guarantee that the program goes as arranged. He is answerable for favoring a few activities of the program without the support.

Choosing a College for Early Decision or Early Action TKG

Choosing a College for Early Decision or Early Action Subject:  Choosing a CollegeMessage:  Hi! I’m going to be applying to college very soon. I have my three top choices, but I have been back and forth on which one I want to apply ED to and cannot figure out how to decide. I know I would be happy at all three of them, but if I apply RD, my chances of getting into any of them goes down. This decision is making me physically and mentally sick! Any advice for how to make it?We recently received this email and decided to turn our answer into a blog post because we think that this advice could be beneficial to our readers. We understand that it is both exciting and unnerving to find three schools that you like (or perhaps love) equally. On the one hand, you feel like you can’t technically go wrong because you think that you would be happy at any of the three schools. But there’s a lot of pressure attached to making the decision and you want to make an informed choice.   We have two pieces of advice that prior TKG clients have found he lpful. 1)       Complete the applications of your top three (or two) schools before the early deadline. We really do mean complete everything. And by before the deadline, we don’t mean the night before. Let’s say that you’re choosing between Tufts, Williams, and Washington and Lee â€" and they’re all equally weighted in your mind. Well, if it’s the day before the deadline and you’re done with Tufts and Williams, but haven’t started Washington and Lee, Washington and Lee is going to start looking less than great. But if all three of your applications are ready to submit BEFORE the deadline, you will have time to consider your options and move on to step two.  2)       Talk to current students at all three of the schools that you’re considering.  This is harder to do if you’re not working with a consulting firm, but it is still possible and very worth the effort. Please take note of the fact that we said talk to current students, not people who are involved with ad missions in any way. And no shade to your family, but Uncle Jim who named his dog Tufts is not going to be giving you the kind of information you need here, either. You are looking for unbiased opinions â€" not someone who is trying to convince you to attend the school. Consider visiting again and talking to people who you encounter on campus. If you can’t visit, social media can help here or perhaps someone from your high school currently attends the schools. You should aim to talk to a wide variety of people, which means that you’re looking for a range. If you’re planning on majoring in Biopsychology at Tufts, try to talk to an English major. Even if you don’t like going out very much, ask students what they do for fun during the weekend. Once you’ve found someone to talk to, politely ask them to put you in touch with a friend. Repeat that process until you’ve spoken to 5-10 current students.  We help students make informed decisions about where to apply. Contact us h ere if you need help.

Biography of Andrew Young, Civil Rights Activist

Andrew Young was born March 12, 1932  in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is a pastor, civil rights activist, and former politician. As a Democrat, he was mayor of Atlanta, a U.S. congressman representing Georgia’s 5th District, and the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. He also served as executive director of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and as pastor of various churches. Andrew Young Full Name: Andrew Jackson Young, Jr.Occupation: Civil rights activist, politician, pastorBorn: March 12, 1932 in New Orleans, LouisianaParents: Daisy Young and Andrew Jackson Young Sr.Education: Dillard University, Howard University, Hartford SeminaryKey Accomplishments: Atlanta mayor, US Ambassador to the United Nations, US House of RepresentativesSpouses: Jean Childs (m. 1954-1994), Carolyn McClain (m. 1996)Children: Andrea, Lisa, Paula, and Andrew Young IIIFamous Quote: â€Å"It is a blessing to die for a cause because you can so easily die for nothing.† Early Years Andrew Young grew up in a middle-class Italian neighborhood in New Orleans. His mother, Daisy Young, was a teacher, and his father, Andrew Young Sr., was a dentist. His family’s privilege, especially relative to African Americans, could not shield Young and his brother, Walt, from the racial tensions of the segregated South. His father so feared for his children’s safety in this environment that he gave them professional boxing lessons to help them protect themselves, if necessary. Andrew Young, American senator and civil-rights leader who began his career as a pastor, also worked with Martin Luther KIng, Jr. Young was the ambassador to the United Nations and the mayor of Atlanta.   CORBIS / Getty Images In 1947, Young graduated from Gilbert Academy and enrolled in Dillard University. He ultimately transferred out of Dillard, receiving his bachelor’s degree from Howard University in 1951. He went on to get a divinity degree from Hartford Theological Seminary in 1955. A Pastor, Pacifist, and Activist Young’s early career as a pastor led to some significant changes in his life. At an Alabama church, he met his first wife, Jean Childs, with whom he would go on to have four children. He also served on the pastoral staffs of Georgia churches. Early in his career, Young took an interest in the philosophy of nonviolence and civil rights. His efforts to register African Americans in the Deep South to vote led him to meet the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and join the Civil Rights Movement. He faced death threats because of his activism but continued to advocate for voting rights. He moved to New York City in 1957 to work with the National Council of Churches, but returned to the South to continue his civil rights activism in Georgia in 1961. He participated in the citizenship schools that taught rural blacks how to read and mobilize politically. African Americans who tried to exercise their voting rights in the Jim Crow South were often presented with literacy tests at the polls, though such tests were not routinely given to white voters. In fact, the examinations were used to intimidate and disenfranchise would-be black voters. Civil rights activist Andrew Young addressing the crowd at the funeral of assassinated American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr (1929 - 1968), Atlanta, Georgia, 9th April 1968.   Archive Photos / Getty Images Young’s involvement with the citizenship schools and his relationship with King resulted in him taking a prominent role in the Civil Rights Movement. Having successfully organized anti-segregation marches, Young proved himself a trustworthy activist, and he rose to the highest ranks of the SCLC. He became the organization’s executive director in 1964. During this tenure, he would serve jail time for engaging in civil rights protests in Selma, Alabama, and St. Augustine, Florida. But serving as the SCLCs executive director also led him to help draft important civil rights legislation, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Together, these laws helped to strike down Jim Crow in the South. While Young had enjoyed a great deal of success as a civil rights activist, the movement came to a halt with the 1968 assassination of Martin Luther King at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. As the turbulent sixties came to an end, Young transitioned out of the SCLC and into the political world. A Rocky Political Career In 1972, Young made history when he became the first black person to serve as a U.S. congressman from Georgia since Reconstruction. This victory came after he lost his bid to be congressman two years earlier. After winning his congressional campaign, Young continued to champion the causes he had as a civil rights activist, including anti-poverty and educational programs. He served in the Congressional Black Caucus and advocated for pacifism; he objected to the Vietnam War and established the U.S. Institute for Peace. Mayor Andy Young (1932- ) announces his bid to run for governor of Georgia with his wife Jean who stands at right. Bettmann  / Getty Images Young left Congress when newly elected President Jimmy Carter appointed him the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations in 1977. In the role, Young advocated against racial apartheid in South Africa, but in 1979, he inadvertently sparked a controversy that led to his resignation from the post. He had a secret meeting with Zehdi Labib Terzi, the Palestinian Liberation Organizations U.N. observer. This was controversial because the U.S. is an ally of Israel and the Carter administration had promised that none of its officials would meet with the PLO until that organization formally recognized Israel’s existence. President Carter denied any responsibility for Young’s meeting with the PLO and had the unrepentant ambassador resign. Young said he felt that the secret meeting was in the nation’s best interest at the time. The PLO controversy did not interfere with Young’s political career post-White House. In 1981, he successfully campaigned to be Atlanta’s mayor, a post he held for two terms. Afterward, he entered the 1990 race to become the governor of Georgia but lost the campaign. While the loss stung, Young also played a pivotal role in bringing the 1996 Summer Olympic Games to Atlanta. He said he wanted to show the public that Atlanta â€Å"is a world-class city† as well as â€Å"a brave and beautiful city.† Young’s Influence Today In the twenty-first century, Andrew Young has remained relevant. He has served in leadership positions for various organizations, including the National Council of Churches from 2000 to 2001. He also established the Andrew Young Foundation in 2003 to advocate for human rights throughout the African diaspora.   Author Kabir Sehgal, Author and Ambassador Andrew Young, and President Bill Clinton attend the Walk In My Shoes: Conversations Between A Civil Rights Legend and His Godson on The Journey Ahead Book Event at The Paley Center for Media on February 9, 2011 in New York City.   Brian Ach / Getty Images Today, Andrew Young belongs to the select group of activists who directly witnessed the Civil Rights Movement unfold. He has documented his activism in several books, including 1994’s â€Å"A Way Out of No Way† and 2010’s â€Å"Walk in My Shoes: Conversations Between a Civil Rights Legend and His Godson on the Journey Ahead.† Young has won a number of awards, most notably the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He’s also the recipient of the NAACP’s Springarn Medal and the Democratic Party of Georgia’s John Lewis Lifetime Achievement Award. Educational institutions such as Morehouse College and Georgia State University have named the Andrew Young Center for Global Leadership and the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, respectively, after him. Young’s influential role in the Civil Rights Movement was also captured in the 2014 film â€Å"Selma,† which introduced a new generation of young people to his work. Sources â€Å"Andrew Young Fast Facts.†CNN, Feb. 27, 2019.George, Lisa. â€Å"Andrew Young On 1996 Olympics: ‘We Were Working Together.’† WABE.org, July 21, 2016. â€Å"Young, Andrew Jackson Jr.† History.House.gov.

The Beginning Of Renaissance Art - 1259 Words

The beginning of Renaissance art can be tracked all the way back to Italy in the late 13th and early 14th and 15th centuries. During this Renaissance period, Italian scholars and artists saw themselves as bringing back the ideals and achievements of Roman culture. Their art tried to capture the experience of the individual and the beauty and mystery of the natural world. The Italian Renaissance was considered a rebirth of old values in art such as literature and philosophy. It was a period for the artist to develop that aimed for the revival of naturalism. Its influence moved through Europe and brought back the cultural and scientific ideas that shaped artistic pieces for the next half a century. Stefano Da Verona was an Italian artist who†¦show more content†¦Instead of having flat, stiff images, faces had not looked more realistic as bodies were painted in more realistic form as their poses looked more human-like, and figures now expressed real emotion. While this was happ ening, Artists still tried to create work that were realistic but with fluidity and not as much detail.. Although Giotto in this time period had strived towards adding a perspective, it wasn t until the arrival of the architects Brunelleschi and Leon Battista Alberti that it became big style to incorperate for many painters. Dossi’s work of The Holy Family came in a time late during the Renaissance. A time called the â€Å"High Renaissance†. Despite the growing realism being achieved in their art, High Renaissance artists such as Dossi aimed for beauty, and harmony more than realism, which was the focus in the past. Their paintings may have been based on nature but they had no interest in replication. Instead they looked for the ultimate beauty within the picture. This provoked artists towards the idea of perfection. Greek philosophy actually influenced this style in the high Renaissance. It â€Å"provided the secret of the perfect human type with its proportions, mus cular structure, oval face, triangular forehead, straight nose, and balance with the weight on one hip, which can be seen in the immensely expressive sculpture of Michelangelo† (Botticelli). The difference in the paintings between the two time periodsShow MoreRelatedThe Renaissance And Its Impact On The European Renaissance1694 Words   |  7 Pageseconomy of Europe slowly beginning to rise again, a giant scale cultural revolution like never before was slowly beginning to sweep over Europe. Becoming what we now know as the European Renaissance, every aspect of European life changed because of this revolution. The Renaissance began a renewed interest in the people to seek knowledge and question what the world around them meant. The Renaissance wasn’t just about learning however, it included exploring the world, art, and focusing on what theRead MoreUnderstanding The Birth Of The Renaissance996 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding the birth of The Renaissance is as simple as understanding that the quality of a straight razor shave is superior to that of a commercially stamped multi bladed razor. Looking retroactively at the years leading up to this rebirth one can note the beginning of reflection the Ancient World and the ins-and-outs of Roman culture. Influencing architecture, art, and social construction, a desire for the classics pulled Europe from the slumping years of the fading High Middle Ages. ActivelyRead MoreArt Of The Renaissance : Questions And Vocabulary1283 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 12.5 (Art in the Renaissance) Assignment- Questions and Vocabulary Terms: Giotto, Masaccio, Botticelli, Perspective, Guild, Artisan, Apprentice, Patron, High Renaissance, Pope Julius II, Michelangelo, Northern Renaissance, madrigal. 1) Giotti di Bondone (1266-1337) was an Italian artist and architect from Florence in the very late Middle Ages. He is considered to be one of the most important artists in Italy because he contributed greatly to the Renaissance style of painting and art in generalRead MoreRenaissance : The Renaissance1049 Words   |  5 Pagesreally was left in the dark, until a flicker of hope emerged offering a new beginning: the Renaissance. The Renaissance lasted from the 14th to the 17th century and was an era of â€Å"rebirth† in European history. During this period, culture throughout Europe underwent a dramatic reformation where classic learning and Greco-Roman beliefs were reintroduced. Italian art in particular encountered a major change in which new Renaissance ideas were skillfully demonstrated and incorporated. In artists’ work, humansRead MorePositive And Negative Effects Of The Renaissance798 Words   |  4 Pages12/3/2017 Section Three: Essay Renaissance While the renaissance period of history is long over, it dramatically impacted the modern world. Some of the great discoveries in science, developments in the arts, architecture, and humanism took place during this period of history. The results had major impacts on politics at that time as well into the future. The renaissance left both positive and negative influences on the world as we know it. The renaissance is defined as the â€Å"rebirth† ofRead MoreRenaissance Essay920 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance was an era of change in human thought. It was characterized by a new philosophy, which included the rise of humanism, individualism, and secularism. Writers and artists began to focus on the individual man and his potential. The Renaissance movement began in the Italian city-states, especially Florence, and spread northward toward the rest of Europe. The Renaissance was the rebirth of new ideas in all aspects of life such as: science, technology, classical art, and education. Read MoreThe Classical Ideal Of Ancient Athens1076 Words   |  5 PagesThrough the great artistic works of many artists we are able to experience and feel an event that they have went through in their lives. Art allows us to express ourselves and also makes us feel better about expressing our feelings. The Classical ideal of ancient Athens pertains to the standard of excellence proposed by the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome, beginning in the Golden Age of Greece. The ancient Greeks aspired to perfection in both body and mind, and sought a synthesis of the two polesRead MoreHow Humanism Affected Art in the Renaissance764 Words   |  3 Pagesaffected the art of the Renaissance because of how Renaissance artists became increasingly interested with humanist concepts, and because of how they tried to incorporate humanist beliefs into their art. Artists conveyed their humanist beliefs by using new techniques such as perspective, and by painting more realistic figures. In addition, humanism encouraged artists to paint using new secular themes that were rediscovered along with classical art and texts. The artists of the Italian Renaissance expressedRead MoreThe Renaissance, Baroque, And Rococo Periods1139 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract This essay looks at the time in history beginning in the 1400’s to the mid-1700’s which we identify in art history as The Renaissance, Baroque, and Rococo periods. Focusing on the influence new scientific knowledge had in the art produced during this time with specific examples from each period and artists of the time. Keywords: Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Art, History, Science, Knowledge The Renaissance Beginning with the Renaissance (1400-1600) we see a change in the subject matterRead MoreHow Did the Period of Renaissance Alter Man’s View of Man? Essay1057 Words   |  5 PagesThe Renaissance period was a truly enlightening period in history that birthed many great advancements in all fields of science, and inventions. How did the period of time we know as, â€Å"The Renaissance†, change or alter man’s view of man? Well, we know that in the Middle Ages, the Church had authority over most people, and people had very few rights. In 1400’s, the Middle Ages had ended and then began the Renaissance. The Renaissance was a monumental change in Europe which lasted for 300 years. Humanity

Health Care Reform Within Five Professional Competencies

The Institute of Medicine has adapted five professional competencies; these competencies have been developed in order to keep up with the demands that are faced as health care reform transforms the way care is provided. In order to keep up with these demands we must become advance practioners, there by acquiring an advanced level of care. The five professional competencies focus on providing patient center care, this intales the interdiciplinary approach in order to coordinate care with the organization or committes. In doing so, they review problem areas in patient care and formulate an intervention to rectify them. In attempting to rectify problem areas, the use of providing the best treatment is utilized, there by researching these†¦show more content†¦In order to fullfill my healthcare competency in evidence-based practice, the leadership goal that I have formatted is to obtain my certification in wound management. I will begin to work towards attaining my wound certifi cation by discussing my future goal with the Director of Nursing, in hopes to find financial resources and the support needed to complete all requirements. I would like to obtain my certification in wound management by January 30th 2016. One of the resources that will be an excellent guide is the assistance of house doctors. In my current position, I have been able to schedule joint visits with providers in the patient’s home, for assessment and coordination of wound management on the patients we currently serve. Also, our current computerized system for completion of visit note entries has a very detailed wound management field. In persuing wound certification I will be able to acquire more knowledge in wound management, applying the education to wounds on patients who are at risk of developing wounds, have existing complication for non healing wounds and on achieving agency wide goal for improving non- deteriorating wounds. With medicare and medicaid keeping track of wou nds and posting outcomes for the public to review, this will be an asset for my current place of employement.

The 7 Principles of Supply Chain Management-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Explain the Purpose of the Author or the Article The 7 Principles of Supply Chain Management. Answer: Article Critique The report aims at providing a critique to the article based on Supply Chain Management. The report therefore describes about the purpose of the article. There is an identification of the objective addressed by the author along description and supported arguments. The report also put forward an evaluation of inferences by the author that included line of reasoning and main assumptions underlying the thought of the author. The report also tries to explain the implications of the authors position logically with a mention of the usefulness of the topic in practice and theory. The Key Ideas of the Article The case study article aims to explain The 7 Principles of Supply Chain Management. The aim of the article provided in the case study explains the initiatives undertaken for improving the supply chain (Pagell and Shevchenko 2014). Brief Review of the Article According to the article, most of the managers find themselves in a tug of war between the increasing demands of the customers and the companys need for gaining profitability and growth. However, the managers have found it easier to maintain a profitable growth by treating the supply chain management as the strategic variable. The article also aims to put forward that managers recognize two things with the supply chain. Firstly, they consider the entire supply chain that involves every single link in managing the flow of product and service information from the suppliers to the customers. There are also certain tangible outcomes that are possible to achieve with the considerations of the supply chain. These include cost, asset utilization and revenue growth (Stadtler 2015). Aspects of the Article The article also puts forward analysis of the initiatives for improving the supply chain management carried across more than 100 distributors, retailers and manufacturers. In this regard, there was huge progress for some while others failed terribly. The initiatives that led to success however included broad efforts and a combination of both tactical and strategic change (Golicic and Davis 2012). These initiatives also, follow a holistic approach in critically identifying the supply chain so that it helps in the improvement process in terms of cost, revenue and asset utilization. The article also identifies that issue of determining and executing a transformation plan for supply chain that will be able to move complex operating multiples opportunities in a particular direction. Thus, according to the article in order to enable the managers proceed with the idea of transformation plan of the supply chain, the initiatives undertaken by successful manufactures represented in the form of seven principles of supply management (Ahi and Searcy 2013.). These seven principles are the fundamental principles for supply chain management. Thus, the article provides substantial information and is interesting written by comparing the traditional techniques with the modern ones and their acceptance and implementation for a supply chain to function effectively. Methodological Critique The authors of this article are reputed logistics practitioner belonging to the company Anderson Consulting. They have pointed out the fundamental principles of the supply chain management used by most successful manufacturers (Wisner, Tan and Leong 2014). This will help in dealing with the issue of determining, developing and executing a transformation plan for the supply chain that will enable operation of complex and multiple entities. Therefore, the authors quite logically and conceptually described the seven fundamental principles that supported his argument (Christopher 2016). According to the article, the first principle focuses on the segmentation of customers based on service requirements of specific groups and accordingly adapts the supply chain for serving the segments in a profitable manner (Hassini, Surti and Searcy 2012). The article also puts forward that the customer segmentation based on particular needs also equips a company in developing a service portfolio as per the needs of the various segments. The second principle focuses on customizing logistics network as per profitability and service requirements of the segments of the customer. Thus, according to this principle of supply chain management logistics network need to be more complex with alliance from third party logistics providers. This logistics is certainly more flexible than the traditional ones. The third principle however focuses on listening to the signals of the market and accordingly align the demand plan within the supply chain thereby ensuring consistent forecasting and alloca tion of resources that is optimal. According to this principle, when the sales and operation planning transcend the boundaries of the company for involving every like of the supply chain for the development of forecast and maintain required capacity across operations then it results in a supply chain management that is commendable. As per the article, the fourth principle focuses on the differentiating products in a manner that are closer to the customers that ensure speed conversion across the supply chain (Barney 2012). Initially, manufacturers based their goals on production by depending on the demand projections for goods and thus maintaining a stock of inventory to cope up with the existing forecasting errors. According to the authors of the article, these manufactures had a fixed lead-time in the system with a finite time for conversion of materials into products for meeting the requirements of the customers. According to the fourth principle of SCM, the authors mentioned that a newer strategy of mass customization also had a similar potential compared to the traditional means as they allowed the manufacturers to discover the value of postponement. According to this article, the manufacturers are gradually realizing that time is valuable and hence lead-time remains fixed in the supply management (Tieman, van der Vorst and Che Ghazali 2012). Thus, the manufacturers are trying to strengthen their ability of reacting to the signals of market through compression of the lead-time of the supply chain and speeding up the process of raw material conversion to the final products designed as per the requirements of the customers. The approach helps in enhancing flexibility for making configuration decisions to remain closer to the moment of demand occurrence. The timely product differentiation helps in locating the advantage point of the manufacturing process where configuration of the product designed for meeting the single requirements and in assessing options like modularized design, postponement and manufacturing process modification that helps in increasing flexibility. The fifth principle according to the article focuses on the str ategic management of supply sources and in reduction of the entire cost in owning the services and materials. According to this principle, excellence in supply chain management requires a mindset where the suppliers needs to be forced for providing ninety days of consigned material instead of three days. This will help in pushing the cost of the inventory into the price of the supplier. According to this principle, although manufacturers should be placing their demands upon the suppliers and they must also realize that the partners should share goals for ensuring cost reduction across the supply chain for lowering prices in the market and thereby enhancing it margin. The sixth principle put forward in the article focuses on the development of strategy based on wide technology of supply chain that helps supporting numerous levels of making decision thereby ensuring clear flow of not only products but also the service and information. According to the article, following this principle the managers will develop an idea for running the business. The authors of the article, however emphasized that adoption of this principle will have different impacts for short term, midterm and long term (Seuring 2013). The short-term adoption will help in handling transactions on an everyday basis, handling e-commerce across the supply chain and helps in aligning demand and supply through information sharing on daily scheduling and orders. In the midterm, the principle helped in making decision and planning, supporting shipment and demand planning and mastering production scheduling of for effective allocation of resources. In the long term, the system will enable the managers for evaluating plans, help distribution centre, suppliers and enable service alternatives by the third party (Ashby, Leat and Hudson-Smith 2012). Lastly, the seventh principle focuses on the adoption of channel spanning measures of performance for gauging the collective success and thereby reaching end user efficiently and effectively. According to this article, companies are adopting measurement of channel spanning performance through development of common report cards. This enables the partners of the common in working towards the common goal. Views of Other Writer According to Seuring and Gold (2012), managing risks have become quite challenging due to the uncertainties that prevail not in the demand and supply but also global outsourcing and existence of shorter product cycles. As per the author, todays business environment in global perspective influenced by not only financial stability, timely outsourcing, existence of new technologies, company mergers and e-commerce business have forced the organizations in adopting newer means for doing the business. Moreover, the authors have observed that under the prevalence of such situations the existing supply chain also become more vulnerable due to external and operational disruptions. Vulnerability defines the exposure to disturbance that arises within supply chain along with external risk associated with the supply chain. According to the author, there exists certain risk to the Supply chains due to any event that causes its disruption thereby affecting the overall management of the organization (Colicchia and Strozzi 2012). Thus, there is a need for efficiency in supply chain management that will enable effective functioning of the organizations. Therefore, academic literature prevalent in the supply chain domain have however, differentiated among the varied forms through focusing on information availability and their intensity. Therefore, a need to initiate measures for implementation of effective transformation plan of supply chain put forward by the authors. This initiated an explanation through the seven principles of supply chain management followed by the most successful managers. Future Research According to the principles put forward in the paper, the organizations are able to undertake customer segmentation and at the same time listen to market signals that allow optimal allocation and consistent forecasting of the resources (Winter and Knemeyer 2013). The adoption of the principles also enabled the manufacturers in discovering the value that determined by postponement. The principles also enable reducing cost of the supply chain that helps in enhancing its margins. The managers will also be able to develop an idea for running the business and adopt means for performance that is channel spanning. Student Opinion Things Learnt from the Article Thus, paper is worth considering as it allows one to understand the needs for adopting the supply chain by following the seven principles put forward by the authors. They not only prevent any kind of disruption to the supply chain but also makes sure that the plan for transformation is undertaken effectively keeping in terms with the modern changes in the organization. Already Know Fact along with the Surprising Fact I knew only about the supply chain management but what has surprised me is that the authors have put forward its seven principles. Further, the authors have left further scopes for research in this field (Heckmann, Comes and Nickel 2015). The holistic approach followed by the authors provided critical insights into the supply chain management. The transparent and scientific process adopted has helped the author enables the reader to understand the difference adopted from the traditional views. The Missing Information in the Article and Further Additions The article however mentions all probable things that are necessary for explaining the seven principles of supply chain management. There is enough information provided so there is no need for coverage of other things. Learning Outcome The concept of the article not only accepted theoretically but organizations have also started implementing it in practice with three percepts in mind. The first involves orchestration of improved efforts by the managers and the organization. This not only requires assessing the entire supply chain rigorously but at the same time ensuring setting of explicit target outcomes for asset utilization, revenue growth and cost reduction (Seuring 2013). The second involves implementation of the gradual process. Since the change will involve huge financial impact, therefore it is necessary for the management in balancing the long-term promise against any immediate business needs. The third percept deals with acceptance of change. For most companies there exist difficulties in implementation and acceptance of that change. However, the best way to ensure success and minimize the resistance is not only extensive involvement visible in participation but also effective communication amongst senior executives. This enables in successfully achieving the cause thereby resulting in removal of any managerial obstacles. Conclusion The critique to the article written by following a research methodology that is systematic. Through the methodological process, one can develop a strong evidence base about supply chain management. The authors tried to discuss about the principles of the supply chain management that for enabling the managers in adopting a transformation plan for better organizational effectiveness. References Ahi, P. and Searcy, C., 2013. A comparative literature analysis of definitions for green and sustainable supply chain management.Journal of Cleaner Production,52, pp.329-341. Ashby, A., Leat, M. and Hudson-Smith, M., 2012. Making connections: a review of supply chain management and sustainability literature.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(5), pp.497-516. Barney, J.B., 2012. Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resource?based theory.Journal of supply chain management,48(2), pp.3-6. Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Colicchia, C. and Strozzi, F., 2012. Supply chain risk management: a new methodology for a systematic literature review.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(4), pp.403-418. Golicic, S.L. and Davis, D.F., 2012. Implementing mixed methods research in supply chain management.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,42(8/9), pp.726-741. Hassini, E., Surti, C. and Searcy, C., 2012. A literature review and a case study of sustainable supply chains with a focus on metrics.International Journal of Production Economics,140(1), pp.69-82. Heckmann, I., Comes, T. and Nickel, S., 2015. A critical review on supply chain riskDefinition, measure and modeling.Omega,52, pp.119-132. Pagell, M. and Shevchenko, A., 2014. Why research in sustainable supply chain management should have no future.Journal of supply chain management,50(1), pp.44-55. Seuring, S. and Gold, S., 2012. Conducting content-analysis based literature reviews in supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(5), pp.544-555. Seuring, S., 2013. A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management.Decision support systems,54(4), pp.1513-1520. Seuring, S., 2013. A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management.Decision support systems,54(4), pp.1513-1520. Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Tieman, M., van der Vorst, J.G. and Che Ghazali, M., 2012. Principles in supply chain management.Journal of Marketing,3(3), pp.217-243. Winter, M. and Knemeyer, A.M., 2013. Exploring the integration of sustainability and supply chain management: Current state and opportunities for future inquiry.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,43(1), pp.18-38. Wisner, J.D., Tan, K.C. and Leong, G.K., 2014.Principles of supply chain management: A balanced approach. Cengage Learning

The Canterbury Tales The Wife Of Baths Prologue And Tale Essay Example For Students

The Canterbury Tales The Wife Of Baths Prologue And Tale Essay The Canterbury Tales The Wife of Baths Prologue and TaleStruggle For Female Equality in The Wife of Baths Prologue and TaleWhen Chaucer wrote the Canterbury Tales, the social structure of his world was changing rapidly. Chaucer himself was a prime example of new social mobility being granted to members of the emerging middle class. He had opportunities to come into contact not only with earthy characters from varied ports of call, but with the wealthy nobility. He was also married to a knights daughter, someone of higher birth than himself, a clear demonstration of a more lenient class structure (pp. 76 77*). As a member of this changing society, Chaucer had a keen perception of the attitudes and philosophies which were emerging and shaping the roles specific to peoples lives. Among these were ideas and customs which had dictated extremely subservient lives for women. One of his characters, the Wife of Bath, contradicts many of these oppressive customs and asserts her own overbeari ng assessment of the roles of women in society and in relationships. However, while apparently attempting to assert female dominance over men, the effect the Wife desires is to bring men and women to a more balanced level of power. We will write a custom essay on The Canterbury Tales The Wife Of Baths Prologue And Tale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now No attempt to change the minds of others with regard to social order could possibly be effective without a statement of the shortcomings of the current order. This is where the Wife may often be written off as a shrew-like bombast simply spouting her dissatisfaction. She does, however, state several clever examples of how her society currently treats women unfairly. She states that double standards for women and men are too common and are deeply rooted in culture. She says that the teachings of Christ tell her, That by the same ensample taughte he me / That I ne sholde wedded be but ones (p. 117, ll. 12-13). She knows though that many holy men have had more than one wife and states:I woot wel Abraham was an holy man, And Jacob eek, as fer as evere I can, And eech of hem hadde wives mo than two, And many another holy man also. (p. 118, ll. 61-64)In this manner, the wife addresses and dispels the justification for looking down on women who have been married more than once. She shows th at they are comparable in morals to men who have also had more than one spouse. Women are also subject to what would now be termed Catch 22s in their relationships with men. These inescapable paradoxes from which men are exempt are also part of what the wife believes is keeping women subservient. As part of her invective against one of her husbands, the wife explains how women are often put in no-win situations. She says, And if that she be fair, thou verray knave, / Thou saist that every holour wol hire have (p. 122, ll. 259-60). She then shows how women are stigmatized even if they are ugly, because then they become the ones with voracious sexual appetites:And if that she be foul, thou saist that se Coviteth every man she may see; For as a spaniel she wol on him lepe, Til that she finde som man hire to chepe. (p. 173, ll. 271-74)No matter what the womans characteristics, men employ a double standard that prevents her from realizing virtue. Of five housbondes scoleying am I, (p.118, l. 51) the wife explains in order to show the experience from which she makes her bid for change in relationships between men and women. She also states that three of them were old and rich and two young and wild. The older ones, she says, were good because she could bring them under her control through her tirades against the ways women are treated. Further, once they had passed on, she was left with enough property and wealth to ensure that she was comfortable. But she does not achieve her goal until later when she actually fights with her fifth husband and, by requiring him to admit her dominance, brings them to an even level in their relationship. .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7 , .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7 .postImageUrl , .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7 , .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7:hover , .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7:visited , .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7:active { border:0!important; } .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7:active , .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7 .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b24a59bd3ba6096353f8ab027d470b7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Theology Analysis EssayThe wife explains that the fifth husband was particularly cruel in his assessment of wives. He also asserted his dominance over the wife by showing off his education in a particularly nasty manner. He reads to her from a book of wicked wives. The fight that eventually brings them together is begun when, out of pure frustration and anger, the wife rips three pages out of his book. The quarrel turns physical but leads to the husbands realization that he must yield to her. Once this occurs, though, he and the wife enter into a new level in their relationship where they respect and are kind to each other:After that day we hadde nevere debat. God help me so, I was to him as kinde As any wif from Denmark unto Inde, And also trewe and so was he to me. (p. 135, ll. 828-31)The wife then achieves what she wanted through all her shrewish behavior: the realization of a relationship in which the partners mutually respect each other and share the power. The realism of the wifes life with five husbands, the cruelty, and the eventual understanding she reaches with number five are all mirrored in the witty tale she tells. She begins by showing how, even under the rule of King Arthur and his chivalrous knights, women are at the mercy of men by having the knight rape a young maid. Immediately, though she begins to weave in her philosophy by showing that the queen could get the king to leave the knights life in her hands. Further, the task given the knight by the queen, to find out What thing it is that women most desiren (p. 136, l. 911), is important because in reality very little attention is paid to what women want. This places the focus of the story on womens needs rather than mens. The relationship that develops between the knight and the hag also illustrates the wifes intention of showing that submission to the desires and needs of women does not result in the male being dominated. Actually, the end result is again two people who are happy and secure in their love for one another and respectful of each others power. The knight concedes in the end that he is not able to choose between having her ugly and trustworthy or beautiful and lecherous. He finally gives her the power to decide for the two of them what would be the best:My lady and my love, and wif so dere, I putte me in youre wise governaunce: Cheseth yourself which may be most plisaunce And most honor to you and me also. (p. 143, ll. 1236-39)In conceding this point of choice and giving the woman power, the wife shows how the knight gains both choices and both become happy together:For by my trouthe, I wol be to you bothe This is to sayn, ye bothe fair and good . . . (p.143, ll. 1246-47) And she obeyed h im in every thing That might do him pleasance or liking And thus they live unto hir lives ende In parfit joye. (p. 144, ll.1261-64)The end result for both the wife and the characters in her tale is that they become happy. Of course, that is what anyone trying to extoll a new way of thinking would say. However, this disproves the idea that the character of the wife is merely a lascivious old woman who cannot hold her tongue. To be sure, her intention lies buried beneath a mound of sarcasm and purposefully derogatory invective. The purpose in this facade may be to disguise the point of equality in relationships or to show that the wife believes that the only way for the happy medium to be achieved is to have the pendulum swing the other way for a while. .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006 , .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006 .postImageUrl , .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006 , .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006:hover , .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006:visited , .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006:active { border:0!important; } .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006:active , .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006 .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u75d568ea16a533a50dfa6b9522b8e006:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Liberal arts Essay PaperHowever, she only believes this to be necessary temporarily. After the men in her accounts have succumbed to the powers of the women, the power-pendulum comes to a rest in the middle. The wife explains that she and her husband no longer fought and that they lived in peace until he passed on. The knight, by letting down his guard to the hag, also gains wedded bliss. Of course the wife has to explain the circumstances which make the world unfair for women. This makes her case for equality even more convincing to anyone who appreciates fairness. Nevertheless, the ultimate goal for her is not merely to engage in man bashing. Therefore, writing off the w ife as merely bombastic, lewd and domineering is only skimming the surface of her obviously deeper mental waters. Underneath the rhetoric and clever reasoning is a more sensitive person who understands the value of balancing the power in relationships.

Cloning--Our Next Generation essays

CloningOur Next Generation essays Some people believe that biologists are cloning human embryos only to see how far they can go, but in actuality, there are many legitimate reasons for investing cloning. Embryologists believe that research into cloning could help improve the life of future generations. I believe this is the main concern of most scientists. The idea that humans may one day be cloned created either in part or whole to be genetically identical to the original plant or animal from a single somatic cell without sexual reproductionbecame a more realistic dream on February 23, 1997. On that date, the news broke that Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at the Roslin Insitute were about to announce the successful cloning of a sheep by a new technique. This technique had never before been successful on mammals. It was called somatic cell nuclear transfer. The technique involved transplanting the genetic material of an adult sheep into an egg from which the nucleus had been removed. The resulting birth of the sheep, named Dolly, was born on July 5, 1996. However, Dolly was different from prior attempts to create identical offspring. Dolly only contained the genetic material of one parent and was, therefore, a delayed genetic twin of a single adult sheep. There are two very different procedures referred to as cloning. The first is embryo cloning. This involves the removal of one or more cells from an embryo and encouraging the cell to develop into a separate embryo with the same DNA as the original. This has been successful on many species of animals. Some limited experimentation has been done on human embryos. Yet, nature remains the true cloning agent. About 1 in every 75 human conceptions, results in a split ovum for an unknown, reason to produce monozygotic twins or triplets. The second procedure is Adult DNA cloning or cell nuclear replacement. This involves removing the DNA from an embryo and replacing it with the DNA of a cell that has been rem...

Payments and Finance in International Trade Essay

Payments and Finance in International Trade - Essay Example In sharp contrast to the results, we find that liberalization has, on average, robust positive effects on growth, openness and investment rates within countries. We have some examples of Trade Liberalization (Arnold, 2007). The payment instruction was subsequently misplaced on the desk of a clerk at Mega Bank and accordingly the relevant accounting entries for crediting Alpha's account were not made by Mega Bank, and Alpha was not notified that payment from Delta had been received. On July 5th, Delta instructed its bank, Grand Banque in Paris, to make a funds transfer to Alpha's account at Mega Bank in London to be credited on or before July 7th. On the morning of July 6th, in order to effect the payment, Grand Banque debited Delta's account and simultaneously sent payment instructions via SWIFT to its correspondent bank in the UK, Royal Bank PLC, instructing it to make an inter-bank transfer to Mega Bank in sterling for credit to Alpha's account on or before close of business on July 7th. Royal Bank went ahead and sent the payment order to Mega Bank on July 6th, with instructions to credit the account of Alpha on or before close of business on July 7th. White barle... Alpha is frustrated that it has not yet been paid and advises Delta on 8th July that it is no longer liable to perform under the contract (Balamurugan and Madhura, 2002). Many of the hurdles to international trade took the shape of high tariffs on imports of manufactured goods. The typical aim of such tariffs was to protect domestic industries from foreign competition. On consequence, however, were "beggar of neighbor" retaliatory trade policies with countries progressively raising trade barriers against each other. Ultimately, this depressed world demand and contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s. This event was the boom that woke the world up but it was not the only reason that led to liberalization. People begun to realize that their basic necessities were not satisfied because they are not available in their home country or too expensive because of the imposed tariffs. They also realized that they will gain advantages through engaging in international trade, like improving their living standard and satisfying more needs (Brennan and Cao, 1996). If the country is going to export, it will need to expand it output which means more people will be hired and living standard will improve. Moreover when removing tariffs imposed on imported goods that my country doesn't produce, people will be able to purchase them at reasonable prices therefore satisfying more needs. The developed countries realized that even if they have comparative advantage in some products, they should specialize in the production of those goods that it produces most efficiently and to buy the goods that it produces less efficiently from other countries, even if this means buying goods from other countries that it could produce more efficiently itself (Brinblatt,

Persuasion Defined Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Persuasion Defined - Essay Example To that effect, my experience during the election campaign assisted me to come up with persuasion definition. There are various factors that come into play when one is persuaded. The first factor is the credibility of the information. The more credible the communicator is, the higher the chances of being persuaded. If credibility increases, attractiveness also increases making something to appear more desirable. The other factor that can result in one being persuaded is the one-sided argument (Cialdini, 2007). In the recent past, I have been hearing one sided arguments that resulted in me having higher levels of persuasion as compared to two sided arguments such as debate on abolition of the death penalty. (Brinol & Petty, 2009) note that persuasion offers an option that is more likely to be lasting, satisfying, successful, and rewarding to everyone. Therefore, the other factor is likeability. I tend to be easily persuaded by my friends, family members, lover, and other persons that I am attracted to than people I do not like. Next is authority. When a person who talks to me is an expert or above me in some other way, I am more likely to be persuaded because I think what he or she may be saying is credible and official. Cialdini (2007) asserts that another factor that influences persuasion is consensus. If there something resonates with the public’s opinion, I am more probable to be

War & Peace (International Security) Essay Example for Free

War Peace (International Security) Essay For almost half a century humans have sought principles for the maintenance of their security and the peaceful settlement of their disputes. Each historic period has witnessed the emergence of new concepts or an instance of re-emergence of old with trust that the mistakes of the past would not be done again. After the Cold War mankind has entered again such a period of doubt and research. The framework of international relations has changed so meaningly over the last decade that it is fair to declare that a new era has begun. This era offers hope, but no condition of being certain. Some unanimity has become obvious: that this new era needs a many-sided approach to the resolution of its conflicts, some that came from the past, some generated in the chaos of adaptation to new conditions of growing freedom, of enmity reborn, and of increasing challenges to the peace required for security of people. After the Cold War, globalization increased the motives for states to pursue more cooperative security policies, in particular at the regional level. In what follows, this paper looks at the main transformations in the structure of international security over the last decade. How is one to understand the structure of security at the global level? The paper considers how globalization in general and particular aspects of it became securitized by the actors in the international arena. Main Body Any coherent regionalist approach to international security must begin by establishing clear distinctions between what constitutes the regional and global level. Distinguishing the regional from the global is not easy task. The easy part is that a region must surely be less than the whole, and of course much less. There would not be much opposition to the claim that the United States is a global level actor. But the problem emerges when one tries to determine particular actors. Should Russia be regarded as a global power or a regional one? What about China? Traditional realism does not help in this task because it usually positions states as great, middle, or small powers. Traditional realism does not regard the powers that are structurally significant at the regional level. How the structures are defined shapes the nature of international security. For this reason it is better to approach the global–regional boundary by starting from the top down. Both the neorealist and globalist theories focus on an idea of global structure. Neorealism is considers two levels, system and unit. Neorealists either underestimate or disregard all levels except the system one. Neorealism is to some extent strong on territoriality. Potential harmony between it and the regionalist perspective is possible, specifically when states are the main actors. There is room for controversy between neorealism and regionalism when the security agenda moves to issue areas other than military-political, to actors other than the state, and to theories of international security other than materialist (Wohlforth 42). In addition, the most abstract and theoretically ambitious variants of neorealism (for example, Waltzs) tend to understand system in such abstract terms that territoriality disappears. From the regionalist perspective of international security discussed in this paper, a key weakness of both the neorealist and globalist approaches to international security is that they exaggerate the role of the global level, and disregard the role of the regional one. Neorealism in a simple manner chooses not to consider much the levels below the systemic. To the degree that globalism disregards territoriality particularly and levels in general, it is not an appropriate approach for considering things still defined in territorial terms. However, the more reasonable versions of globalism do give room for a regionalist perspective. The regionalist perspective is chosen approach to analyze international security. Friedberg (2000) indicated â€Å"the regional level stands more clearly on its own as the locus of conflict and cooperation for states and as the level of analysis for scholars seeking to explore contemporary security affairs† (7). This approach can be described as a post-Cold War focus concentrating on two assumptions: 1. That the decline of superpower competition decreases the penetrative quality of global power interest in the rest of the world (Friedberg 160); and 2. That most of the great powers in the post-Cold War international system are now pulled away. The argument of this paper is that the global level of international security over the last decade can best be understood as one superpower plus four great powers. It is essential to distinguish between superpowers and great powers even though both are at the global level. Then it is necessary to differentiate that level from the one defined by regional powers and regional security complexes. Almost nobody debates that the end of the Cold War had a considerable impact on the whole organization of international security. But, more than a decade after the transformation, the character of the post-Cold War security order still remains eagerly disputed. Over the last decade the regional level of international security has become both more self-governing and more leading in international politics. Katzenstein (2000) concludes that the ending of the Cold War accelerated this process. This thought comes naturally after the ending of bipolarity. Without superpower competition intruding all-absorbing into all regions, local powers have more room for tactic. For a decade after the ending of the Cold War, both the remaining extremely powerful states and the other great powers (China, EU, Japan, Russia) had less stimulus, and displayed less desire, to take a decisive role in security affairs outside their own regions. The terrorist attack on the United States on the September 11, 2001 may well give rise to some affirmation of great power interventionism. However, this is likely to be for quite narrow and particular purposes, and seems improbable to recreate the general will to step abroad that was a characteristic of Cold War superpower competition. The definite autonomy of regional security over the last decade forms a pattern of international security relations fundamentally different from the steadfast structure of superpower bipolarity that was common during the Cold War. The regional structure of international security is the relative balance of power of, and relative relationship within it between, regionalizing and globalizing trends. The central idea in the regional structure distinguishes between the system level cooperation of the global powers. Since most security threats travel undoubtedly over short distances than over long ones, international security interdependence is normally arranged into regionally based divisions: security complexes. As Friedberg (2000, 5) discuses: â€Å"most states historically have been concerned primarily with the capabilities and intentions of their neighbors†. Security complexes may well be largely penetrated by the global powers. However, their regional dynamics have a considerable degree of autonomy from the plans set by the global powers. Usually, two main levels dominate security studies: national and global. National security– for example, the security of France–is not in itself a significant level of study. Because security branches are intrinsically relational, no nations security is self-contained. At the same time, global security refers at best to a strong desire, not a reality. The globe is not tightly characterized by integration in security terms. Except for the special case of superpowers and great powers discussed above, only little can be said at this level of generalization that will reflect the real conflicts and problems in most countries. The region, in contrast, is connected with the level where states or other units cooperate together very closely and their securities cannot be analyzed separate from each other. The regional level is the space of national and global security mutual action, and where most of the operations occur. Both the security of the divided units and the process of international power intervention can be understood only through comprehension of the regional security dynamics. The best understanding of the dynamics of international security could be achieved by treating global and regional levels as distinct, and considering how they played into each other. On the basis of a distinction between superpowers and great powers international security has outlines as follows: Over the last decade the global power structure shifted to 1 + 4. The USA remained as a superpower, and China, the EU, Japan, and Russia as great powers. There was some mobility in the pattern of regional prospective. North and South America continued to be much as before. The breakdown of the Soviet Union meant that two (and for a while almost three) regional security complexes emerged in Europe. In Asia, the integration of the Northeast and Southeast Asian complexes brought the total to two. In Africa, the Southern Africa complex spread into Central Africa, and a Central African RSC came into view increasing the number to four. If to consider the Middle East as one, then the global total in 2001 was eleven. Thinking about the future, 1 + 4 remains the most probable structure for at least a couple of decades. A shift to 2 + x is connected with the possibility that either China or the EU will be elevated to superpower status. Kapstein (1999) and Hansen (2000) share the widely held view that the emergence of a second superpower within the next two decades is unlikely (79). More likely is a transformation to 0 + x. This could happen little by little if the USA experiences a long-term relative decline in its material assets in regard to other powers, or quite quickly if the USA decides to give up its superpower role and become a normal great power. Some writers, particularly Wohlforth (1999) and Krauthammer (1999), are strong supporters of an unipolarist strategy for the USA. This general course seems to have been made stronger both by the Bush administration and by the US acts in regard to 11 September. Waltz (2000) sees a multipolar world with the USA as one pole. South Asias strong regional securitization was strengthened over the last decade. Post-Cold War, South Asia was chiefly affected by the 4 element of 1 + 4. While Post-Cold War developments increased the possibility of the Asian super complex unification into a full Asian regional security complex, it was not absolutely matched by securitization of China in India. In South Asia, the strongest concern is a possible change of essential structure made up of the organization of an internal and an external change. East Asia witnessed the merger of two previously independent regional security complexes, Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia. In East Asia, like in South Asia, the breakdown of the Soviet Union contributed considerably to the relative empowerment of China and its movement towards the centre of the US debate about possible peer competitors (Buzan and Little 13). It also generated to the emergence of a security regime in Southeast Asia and the union of the Southeast and Northeast Asian regional security complexes. The US activities in the region contributed to the incensement of securitization between it and China. They also dampened down securitizations of China elsewhere in the region. China is chief but possibly not in the near future powerful enough to create a centered Asian regional security complex. The Middle East is to some extent very much like Asia, a region where strong local controversy dynamics intersect with a mighty US presence and worries about the future of the US role. In this regional security complexes, the shift to a 1 + 4 structure generated a period of unipolar intervention by the USA intended at a kind of coercive desecuritisation (Friedberg 68). This made a considerable impact on the local division of power, supporting Israel and hammering Iraq. This also put all of the former clients of the Soviet Union into a weaker position. The Middle Eastern regional security complex has experienced some medium-scale transformations. Over the last decade, Africa underwent the reduction of external support for the postcolonial state structures. Since sub-Saharan Africa, similar to South America, has no neighboring great powers, it was not much influenced by the 4 element of 1 + 4 (Wohlforth 40). Dynamics of securitization were driven downward to the domestic level and upward to the international one. Africa is possibly to become the home of four regional security complexes. In Africa, the concern is about the formation and evolution of regional security complexes in a subcontinent dominated by state failure. There is the lack of much interest or intervention on behalf of the global powers, and the not absolutely strong roles of transnational organizations. In Europe, the end of overlay disclosed both the centrality of the European Union as the main international security institution, and the growing of the stakes in the global great power status, or not, of the European Union (Buzan and Little 37). It also demonstrated the difference between the international security community dynamics of Western Europe in comparison with opposition formation dynamics in the former Soviet Union and its former empire. For the Central and South-eastern European countries caught in the middle, this contrast determined their whole foreign policy problematic. The collapse of the Soviet Union not only replaced one of the superpowers, but also created a new regional security complex. In both Europe and the post-Soviet region, the regional and international levels play considerably into each other because the regional activities are responsible for the emergence and distribution of a great power. What is striking about the US power in Europe, East Asia, and South America (however, not the Middle East) is the level to which its position has become institutionalized through the creation of super regional projects including Atlanticism, Asia-Pacific, and pan-Americanism (Buzan 2000). These projects commonly involve a strong mixture of super regional economic organization, and mutual defence and security processes, the special mix varying depending on the local conditions and history. These projects enable the USA to appear to be a powerful member of these regions. Where super regional projects are present, it is quite usual for the United States to be considered, and probably to consider itself, as a member of those security regions. By putting the USA inside these regions, super regional projects make less distinct the crucial distinguishing feature between regional and international level security processes. They also make them difficult to see from within the United States. This blurring becomes a significant tool for the supporting of the USAs sole superpower position, not least in keeping from the emergence of more autonomous regional coalitions that might be a threat to its influence or its primacy. This is not to refuse to recognize that these projects have considerable and sometimes positive political effects. But they can also contribute to the problems in terms of distinguishing between being a superpower and being a great or regional power. The US security role in East Asia, South America, and Europe can be compared with its role in the Middle East. The US’ role is an outside global power penetrating into the affairs of the regions. The main point to support this theory is that there can be disputes concerning an outside power withdrawing, or being expelled, from the region concerned (Buzan and Little 69). For example, Germany cannot detach itself from Europe, nor Japan from East Asia, nor Brazil from South America. But the US can withdraw itself (or be withdrawn) from Europe, East Asia, and South America. There are numerable debates both in the USA and in those regions (and also the Middle East) regarding the desirability or not of such transformations. Conclusion The attacks of 11 September showed how much international security is produced by the specific interactions of regional and global security dynamics. It is clear that the structure of international security is defined by the interplay of regions and powers. Regional security complexes analysis offers a significant tool for analyzing and understanding not only the past and present structures and processes of international security, but also the future transformations. This paper argued that the regional level of security is significant and is a considerable part of the overall area of security in the international system. Bibliography Buzan, Barry, and Richard Little 2000. International Systems in World History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Friedberg, Aaron L. 2000. In the Shadow of the Garrison State: Americas Anti-Statism and Its Cold War Grand Strategy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Hansen, B. 2000. Unipolarity and the Middle East. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press. Kapstein, Ethan B. 1999. Does Unipolarity Have a Future? , in Kapstein and Mastanduno 1999.

Middle Eastern Religious Perspectives on Software Piracy :: Computers

Middle Eastern Religious Perspectives on Software Piracy Introduction Illegal software (pirated, illegally copied, etc) in the Middle East is a rampant problem. It is estimated that 74% of software in Lebanon is illegal, while 37% of software in Israel is illegal1. The lack of intellectual property laws has been sited for the problem; even with these laws being introduced it might not resolve the issue. Though joining the World Trade Organization (as many Middle Eastern countries have recently done) forces the countries to officially recognize copyright law will this affect the citizen’s view of copyright? Religion is a fundamental part of the Middle East with some countries laws derived from religious text. I believe by analysis of religious texts and law I can hope to gain perspective into the views on software piracy. I will focus on Jewish law and Islamic Fatwas. Once the religious perspective on copyright is derived I will analysis if the religious perspective holds up to general ethical analysis. My goal is not to judge (e.g. say co pying of software is wrong therefore those who copy software are bad), but rather gain insight into the religious perspectives towards software piracy. Jewish Law (Torah) 'Torah' has the following meanings2: 1. A scroll made from kosher animal parchment, with the entire text of the Five Books of Moses written in it by a sofer [ritual scribe]. This is the most limited definition. 2. More often, this term means the text of the Five Books of Moses, written in any format, whether Torah scroll, paper back book, CD-ROM, sky-writing or any other media. Any printed version of the Torah (with or without commentary) can be called a Chumash or Pentateuch. However, one never refers to a Torah Scroll as a Chumash! 3. The term 'Torah' can mean the entire corpus of Jewish law! This includes the Written and the Oral Law, which includes the Mishna, the Midrash, the Talmud,

Public accountability Essay

Do you support that Public accountability an erosion under the current mode of governance and market-oriented reforms? Why or why not? Elaborate your answer with examples on operationalization of public accountability in the current context. There are various moral problems that have faced civil servants in their daily work such as the difficulty of having to meet the requirements of the Government and citizens at the same time; distinguish between discretionary and arbitrary; the temptation of using the position as a function of their own benefits; the asymmetry between the administration and the citizens; the excessive bureaucracy and the lack of transparency, among others. Hence the need to create a environment where it be present more transparency paying continuous attention to building a righteous human behaviour because public accountability is a continuous activity, not an ideal state to be achieved. Consequently, accountability is vital because it’s central theme the i dea of ​​service and therefore is a key factor to improve the quality of public administration through the honest, efficient, objective and upright conduct of officials in management of public affairs. The transparency carries with it elements that citizens share, regardless of their religious beliefs, their family relationships, their profession, their  craft; common elements which help society to live in harmony according to principles of justice, freedom, equality and solidarity in order to make human relations more satisfying. When the transparency is applied and implemented in the public service is called Public Liability, also called accountability. The idea that accountability is linked to run the society as an active part of the state in which the information is flowing both upwards and downwards and thus be able make real use of social control. It is clear that, transparency and accountability become characteristic and distinctive governance aspects by themselves in public administration, however they also become markers of socially responsible behaviour with other aspects, this is why it is important not to considered transparency and accountability synonyms as social responsibility, since the previous ones are an expression of a specific aspect of the management process and decision-making of an organization (the evaluation and control for example), whereas the social responsibility should embrace and transcend all phases and activities of the management of an organization. In the present times, there is an increasing conviction that accountability is an important activity for organizations to develop confidence and legitimacy with other social actors, which relates within their own field. This belief has several origin some of them are conceptual, because accountability is part of a framework of values ​​th at play on the notion of democracy. Accountability is also associated with the necessary transparency in which public services must perform towards the citizens, particularly to the access of information, but it also to the results achieved by public institutions in the fulfilment of their mission, consequently, the creation of institutional mechanisms to control and social supervision as an institutionalized practice related to the democratic accountability of public management implies the existence of political and administrative systems with a high degree of political legitimacy and administrative efficiency. However, the action of accountability is not effective by itself. If there is no an active and vigilant civil society to be vigilant and report anything incorrect behaviour, which is why the public services should promote engagement and citizen control reducing the costs of such activity by strengthening citizen participation in the procedures for the development of dispositions of general character, expanding the participation of representatives from civil society on management boards of  organizations and public agencies, to effectively ensure accessing to the records and public archives by concerned citizens, open to the public meetings for public decision making, boost customer surveys of public services, developing systems such as random selection of citizens to participate in discussions on specific procedures. Accountability does not only relate to control, to motivate and to convince, but is a concept related to better management and guidance for organizations. Accountabili ty can be used for to manage, to guide and control more effectively the institution. The incorporation of the accountability model where the government â€Å"receives† a command to perform a range of tasks by the society, and therefore the Government becomes â€Å"accountable† to the society for this task, the government held to account to society for the task that was entrusted. This accountability model includes two directions that are accountable for: horizontal and vertical. The horizontal axis is related to a system in which the power is divided and balanced with a set of checks and balances, in which the law and a variety of public Institutions are included. Meanwhile, the vertical axis is related to the public opinion and election mechanisms, through which the citizens can approve or disapprove an officer through the ballot. In order to achieve a state that is capable of responding to the challenges and requirements from civil society, it is necessary besides th e modernization of public administration, the redesign of the state to enable it to respond with the levels of relevance, quality and effectiveness expected from the civil society through public policy. This is why it is necessary further democratic reforms of the State which allows citizens to participate actively in the public administration and in the selection, formulation and implementation of the public policies. However probably one of the most important and challenging obstacles to be overcome in public management in Latin America, to respond efficiently and timely basis to the current and future requirements from civil society and the private sector, is related to the resistance to change that many public services have to modernizing processes and big changes sometimes affect the processes of governance, especially in regards to the public participation in the actions of the State from both, public services and in its policies and programs. Accountability in this region is almost inexistent. On the one hand, there is no favourable framework conditions, laws, government  regulations and culture they are not prone to this practice, moreover, in organizational terms, dimensions such as size, seniority and / or centralization, are critical to define the scope of possible actions. The concept of accountability systems has proven to be very plastic. It could be understood as a range of ideas r anging from the mere access to information, the effective responsibility in the performance of a task, in terms of effectiveness and values; it can also include the time of coercitivity or obligation both legally and morally, and they may empower different public to access information, to be capable to exercise assessments or to apply sanctions. If accountability is taken merely as a monitoring mechanism it could help to avoid misbehaviour, but its greatest potential can be accomplished when it is viewed as a tool to improve the skills of public institutions and moral resources to make the good. The strategic time of accountability implies that the organization is aware that it needs the trust of their audiences, legitimacy from other entities and most of all the loyalty of its employees. Since the year 2000, in Latin America have been expressing a need for modernization and rationalization of the governments, developing in particular the New Public Management approach, which consists of replacing the bureaucracy with a flexible, efficient management, goal-oriented and concerned about the results and where all of those management techniques that allow to define objectives, determining responsibilities, control costs, and establishing indicators are important to measure outcomes, such the implementation and use of more suitable methodologies for accountability. This has shaped ​​the called Public Administration Accountability to taxpayers, which is founded on the â€Å"Value for Money† which relies on three concepts: Economy, Effectiveness and Efficiency, which must be considered holistically and not on an individual basis, where economy is referred to the relationship between the market and the inputs or supplies through the prices of these, where efficiency is the ratio between the product obtained and the desired objectives, including the criteria for the Quality and Service Access are included, efficacy may include Excellence and Equity as well, and finally Efficiency is the relationship between inputs and outputs that is the cost per unit of service. There is an school of thought, the Guideline to the Public Service, which considers not only the important issue of the effectiveness of the  Government, but it also maintains that the fundamental challenge is to address the democratic deficit of the current bureaucracies, which focuses strictly in Governance. There isn’t a shortage of ideas and concrete proposals to improve transparency, accountability and political responsibility, and thereby to achieve authentic accountable governments. The majority of these proposals agree on the essential: governmental activities should be made more open for the citizens and they should audit them more diligently, demanding spe cific liabilities to government officials, whether this are elected, appointed, or career officers. It is may be necessary go even further and restore the essence of the same political institutions, so that the transparency and accountability should become effective at all levels and areas of public administration in the region. Therefore, is desirable and also necessary to strengthen the accountability of elected officers with respect to their constituencies as well as to give more effective participation of citizens in decision-making. That is to say, to ensure that the government-at all levels and areas-are truly accountable to the citizens. This requires progress towards a participatory democracy that complements the existing representative democracy, as noted at times it becomes merely delegative. It is possible that the examples of reforms that are proposed below may contribute not only to strengthening the culture of transparency and accountability, but also the quality and on the same the performance of Latin American democracies; for the latter, it is also possible that this type of reform to raise public trust in the democratic institutions. It is possible that in the example of reforms such as the one which is proposed below contribute not only to strengthening the culture of transparency and accountability, but also the quality and on the same the performance of Latin American democracies; for the latter, it is also possible that this type of reform to raise public trust in the democratic institutions. Semi-direct democracy: The mechanisms are counted in a prominent place, the revocation of mandate, the referendum or plebiscite and popular initiative. The adoption of mechanisms of semi-direct democracy is a way to strengthen vertical accountability in other words to the citizens from all the elected public servants. The popular revoking the mandates may constitute an  important element in favour of responsible government. For example, if an elected municipal officer or a legislator is not carrying out in an appropriate manner the a task for which he was elected, that is, if it does not render satisfactory accounts to their constituents, a group of these could be organized to demand the convening of a consultation in the corresponding voters decide whether the official or legislator continues in office or not. If the semi-direct democracy is implemented, the more power is granted to sub-national governments and citizen participation spaces significantly are extended it might make more accountable governments and bring government closer and the civil service to the sovereign, the people. It is true that the semi-direct democracy mechanisms can be defeated, be emptied of contents and becoming plebiscitarian forms of government. However, in a democratic and participative vein, it seems preferable that the citizens can revoke mandates and propose, approve or deny major initiatives, rather than leaving all this in the exclusive hands of the lawmakers or the executive. In conclusion, what is proposed in the entire mode of governance in favour of accountability is that citizens become more active, direct and effective in the monitoring and the conduction of public affairs part. Since the world of politics is not angelical. It is an illusion to think that there will be accountable and effective, c lean and open government, if citizens do not demand it. There will be no participatory democracy if we do not participate. 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